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Grammatical explanation
A - Particle -에 to express time We saw how the particle 에 can express the destination or the place where an action is taking place. This particle is also used to denote the time of a given action. Examples: 언제에 왔어요? When did (you) come? 오전 열시에 왔어요. (I) came at 10h A.M..
B - Particle -에게 This particle is used after the object affected by an action. It can be used for example to designate a person to whom something is given, to whom or for whom an action is performed. Colloquially, the equivalent 한테 can also be heard. Examples: 김태호 씨가 이현애 씨에게 전화해요. Kim Tae-ho is calling Lee Hyeon-ae. 이 것을 누구한테 줄 거예요? Whom are you giving this to?
C - Express a planned action To express a planned action, one can use the verbal suffixes -(으)ㄹ 거예요 or -(으)ㄹ 예정이에요 (both are equivalent). These suffixes express a future action one plans to undertake. This grammatical form is formed from the root of the verb, with ㄹ 거예요 if it ends up with a vowel or with 을 거예요 if it ends up with a consonant. Examples: 보다 + ㄹ 거예요 = 볼 거예요. 먹다 + 을 거예요 = 먹을 거예요.
D - Days of the week The days of the week in Korean are made of the seven elements, to which is added the noun 요일, a way to say "day" (like the Japanese days of the week for those who are already familiar with that language). Here is the list, in English, then in Hangeul and finally in Hanja:
E - Months of the year Months in Korean are composed of numbers from 1 to 12 in Sino-Korean numbers, followed by 월, which means "moon" and "month". Here is the list, in English, then in Hangeul and Hanja:
Note that the months of June and October are irregular. The final in numbers 육 and 십 disappears before 월, to become 유 and 시 respectively.
Translations of the texts
Text 1
Lee Hyeon-ae: John, when did (you) arrive (come) in Korea? John: In September last year. Why? Lee Hyeon-ae: You learnt Korean quickly...! John: No... It's the professor who teaches grammar well to students. Lee Hyeon-ae: (John) you have also studied diligently. You are a good student.
Text 2
Kim Tae-ho: Sue, what do you plan to do this evening? Sue: I’m going to meet friends. Then we’ll go watch a movie. Kim Tae-ho: This weekend, do (you) have time? Sue: Yes, I will rest at home on Saturday. I will have time on Sunday. Kim Tae-ho: So let’s go to Gyeongbokgung together. Sue: OK (good).
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